Sewing Machine Basics

Whether you're purchasing your first sewing machine or trading up to one with more bells and whistles, it's helpful to understand the basic features so you can make an educated choice.

Machines have varying amounts of stitches, from the straight stitch, which is essential for ordinary seaming, to hundreds of decorative stitches. Good basics include straight, zigzag, blindhem, mending and buttonhole stitches and the ability to stitch in reverse for anchoring seams. Evaluate your sewing needs and match them to the stitch selection. Note the machine's maximum stitch length and width capabilities. If you plan to sew on knits, look for stretch stitches and/or overcast stitches with built-in flexibility. Many machines offer a myriad of decorative stitches for creative potential.

Check to see how many presser feet come with the machine. A multipurpose foot allows you to stitch straight and zigzag stitches for basic sewing, but you'll also need a buttonhole foot, zipper foot and a blindhem foot if the machine has a hemming stitch.

Electronic and computerized machine models allow multiple needle position adjustments. This is key if you want to move your stitching line to the left or right while keeping the fabric on the full width of the feed dog for even feeding and stitch length.

Feed dogs, the 'teeth' under the presser foot that move the fabric, can be lowered on many machines for freemotion stitching, bartacking, darning and other novelty uses. If lowering isn't possible, a cover plate should be provided.

Some basic tools and accessories should come with a machine-screw driver (to help change the needle) and a small brush (to get rid of lint) are basics. Some other helpful supplies are oil, if the machine requires lubrication, and assorted needles. Machines also often come with caps or nets to help control slippery threads.

Computerized machines feature an LCD or LED display screen showcasing stitch options and adjustments. Check for clarity and a comfortable size you can see clearly.

Be sure to understand the warranty and service needs of a new sewing machine. Is an optional extended warranty available and, if so, what is the cost and what does it cover? What exactly is covered and for how long? Does the warranty include parts and labor, or only manufacturing defects?

When the machine needs to be repaired or serviced, is it done at the dealer, or does it need to be shipped out somewhere? What is the usual turnaround time and can you obtain a loaner machine in the interim.